Gastric residual volume as enteral feeding evaluation in low birth weight infants and infants: literature review
literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4322/prmj.2017.020Keywords:
gastric emptying, low birth weight newborn, infantAbstract
Introduction: The occurrence of lipid and protein enteral dietary initiation intolerance in preterm is common. This enteral dietary should be initiated, at the same time, in a gradually and earliest way to avoid depletion, which one will lead a malnutrition condition if untreated. To determine if enteral nutrition is being successfully performed, there are certain parameters like residual gastric volume (RGV) that are used to determine if low weight newborns (LWN) and infants are tolerant to enteral dietary progression. Objective: Searching in actual literature data that can confirm if RGV is a reliable tool to validate enteral dietary tolerance progress.Methods: To evaluate the importance of using RVG as a nutritional monitoring tool the authors searched papers with the keywords: gastric emptying, newborn, low-weight, infant. Forty-seven papers were found in three scientific data base in a search period between February-April 2018: Pubmed, Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Medline and LILACS) and Cochrane Library, although, only twenty three papers were considered in this review by presenting RGV as a method to verify enteral dietary tolerance in LWN and infants. No papers were excluded by language or publishing date. Conclusion: Despite is a routine practice in neonatal intensive care units services to verify enteral feeding tolerance in LWN and infants by RGV, there is no consensus among these different services protocols and is not possible, at the moment, establishes RGV as a reliable parameter for enteral dietary progression evaluation in this population.
Downloads
References
Pedraza DF. Baixo peso ao nascer no Brasil: revisão sistemática de estudos baseados no sistema de informações sobre nascidos vivos. Revista de Atenção à Saúde. 2014;41(12):37-50.
Briassoulis G, Zavras N, Hatzis T. Malnutrition, nutritional indices, and early enteral feeding in critically ill children. Nutrition. 2001;17(7-8):548-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00578-0. PMid:11448572.
Kaur A, Kler N, Saluja S, Modi M, Soni A, Thakur A, et al. Abdominal circumference or gastric residual volume as measure of feed intolerance in VLBW infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(2):259-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000576. PMid:25238118.
Li Y-F, Lin H-C, Torrazza RM, Parker L, Talaga E, Neu J. Gastric residual evaluation in preterm neonates: a useful monitoring technique or a hindrance? Pediatr Neonatol. 2014;55(5):335-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2014.02.008. PMid:25129325.
Perrella SL, Hepworth AR, Simmer KN, Geddes DT. Validation of ultrasound methods to monitor gastric volume changes in preterm infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57(6):741-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182a938d7. PMid:23969536.
Shulman RJ, Ou C-N, Smith EO. Evaluation of potential factors predicting attainment of full gavage feedings in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2011;99(1):38-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000302020. PMid:20588069.
Liang Z, Lu L, Zhou Y, Chen S, Huang Y, Lin Z. Clinical investigation of formula feeding in extremely low birth weight infants. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2014;52(1):51-6. PMid:24680409.
Heimann K, Schoberer M, Posielek J, Fitzner C, Orlikowsky T. The ratio of abdominal circumference and body weight-an objective parameter for the daily ward round in a NICU? Klin Padiatr. 2014;226(2):72-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1368718. PMid:24633977.
Murase M, Ishida A, Momota T. Early gastrointestinal function and nutritional status in preterm infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Biol Neonate. 2002;82(2):78-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000063091. PMid:12169828.
Ozer EA, Holst JJ, Duman N, Kumral A, Ozkan H. The relationship between glucagon-like peptide 2 and feeding intolerance in preterm infants. J Trop Pediatr. 2009;55(4):276-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmn033. PMid:18499738.
Malhotra AK, Deorari AK, Paul VK, Bagga A, Meharban S. Gastric residuals in preterm babies. J Trop Pediatr. 1992;38(5):262-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/38.5.262. PMid:1433454.
Moody GJ, Schanler RJ, Lau C, Shulman RJ. Feeding tolerance in premature infants fed fortified human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000;30(4):408-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200004000-00011. PMid:10776952.
Mihatsch WA, von Schoenaich P, Fahnenstich H, Dehne N, Ebbecke H, Plath C, et al. The significance of gastric residuals in the early enteral feeding advancement of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2002;109(3):457-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.3.457. PMid:11875141.
Kairamkonda VR, Deorukhkar A, Bruce C, Cooms R, Fraser R, Mayer APT. Amylin peptide is increased in preterm neonates with feed intolerance. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2008; 93(4):65-70.
Dollberg S, Kuint J, Mazkereth R, Mimouni FB. Feeding tolerance in preterm infants: randomized trials of bolus and continuous feeding. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(6):797-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718080. PMid:11194534.
Horn D, Chaboyer W, Schluter PJ. Gastric residual volume in critically ill paediatric patients: a comparison of feeding regimens. Aust Crit Care. 2004;17(3):98-100, 102-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1036-7314(04)80011-0. PMid:15493856.
Gonzales I, Duryea EJ, Vasquez E, Geraghty N. Effect of enteral feeding temperature on feeding tolerance in peterm infants. Neonatal Netw. 1995;14(3):39-43. PMid:7603419.
Silva PE, Collares EF. Esvaziamento gástrico em crianças: Influência da posição do corpo, utilizando como refeição de prova uma solução hidratante de uso oral. Arq Gastroenterol. 1988;25(2):104-9. PMid:3255271.
Tekgündüz KŞ, Gürol A, Apay SE, Caner I. Effect of abdome massage for prevention of feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40(1):89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13052-014-0089-z. PMid:25394549.
Litman RS, Wu CL, Quinlivan JK. Gastric volume and ph in infants fed clear liquids and breast milk prior to surgery. Anesth Analg. 1994;79(3):482-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199409000-00013. PMid:8067551.
Wakayama Y, Wilkins S, Kimura K. Is 5% dextrose in water a proper choice for initial postoperative feeding in infants? J Pediatr Surg. 1988 jul;23(7):644-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3468(88)80637-7. PMid:3204463.
Martinez EE, Bechard LJ, Mehta NM. Nutrition algorithms and bedside nutriente delivery practices in pediatric intensive care units: an international cohort study. Nutr Clin Pract. 2014;29(3):360-7. PMid:24740498.
Torrazza RM, Parker LA, Li Y, Talaga E, Shuster J, Neu J. Aspiration and evaluation of gastric residuals in the neonatal intensive care unit: state of the science. J Perinatol. 2015;29(1):5159.
