Uncovering Contraceptive Knowledge and Choices among University Students in Belém, Pará

Abstract

Introduction: Contraception refers to the use of methods to avoid pregnancy resulting from sexual intercourse, which is fundamental for family planning and informed choices. The choice of contraceptive method among university students is influenced by factors such as access to information, professional guidance and socio-cultural aspects. Lack of knowledge about efficacy and side effects can compromise proper use (Freitas; Giotto, 2018). Objective: To analyze the knowledge and factors that influence the choice of contraceptive methods among university students. Material and Methods: Quantitative and descriptive research involving 305 university women aged between 18 and 40 from a private higher education institution in Belém, Pará. Data was collected using an online questionnaire on Google Forms. The instrument contained the Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF), guaranteeing the participants' agreement in accordance with ethical requirements. This study followed the guidelines of Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council for research involving human beings. It was approved by UNAMA's Research Ethics Committee under CAAE: 84167524.2.0000.5173 and Opinion No. 7.187.15. Results: Most of the women interviewed were between 21 and 30 years old (63.93%). As for marital status, 53.11% were in a relationship and 46.88% were single. In terms of income, 65.57% earn up to three minimum wages. Only 9.51% knew about long-acting contraceptives (IUDs and implants) and 13.11% about short-acting contraceptives. They confuse the methods: 22.95% mix up the types, 32.79% associate them with barrier methods and 3.61% believe they are definitive, 35.08% have mixed errors. As for the reasons for their choice, 19.67% use them only to avoid pregnancy, 23.28% to prevent STIs, 24.59% were unable to explain their choice, reinforcing the need for more information. Conclusion: The results show that, despite the availability of contraceptive methods, knowledge about their differences and effectiveness is limited among university students, highlighting the need for more effective educational strategies, as well as a deficit in access to professional guidance and sexual health education. This reinforces the importance of disseminating accessible information, allowing for safer choices.