Neurobiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Cannabidiol in Depressive Disorders: A Preclinical Systematic Review
Mecanismos neurobiológicos e moleculares do canabidiol no transtorno depressivo: Uma revisão sistemática pré-clínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/prmj.944Palavras-chave:
canabidiol, transtorno depressivo, endocanabinoides, fitoterapia, neuroplasticidadeResumo
Objetivo: Esta revisão teve como objetivo avaliar estudos pré-clínicos publicados nos últimos cinco anos que investigaram os e feitos do tipo antidepressivo do CBD e de canabinoides relacionados. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. Todo o processo de seleção e elegibilidade dos estudos foi conduzido de acordo com o protocolo PRISMA. Os descritores utilizados foram “Depressive Disorder”, “Cannabidiol” e “Phytotherapy”. Sete estudos experimentais atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: As evidências analisadas demonstram que o CBD reduz a imobilidade no teste do nado forçado, aumenta a preferência por sacarose e modula vias moleculares associadas à neuroplasticidade e à inflamação. Entre os principais mecanismos envolvidos destacam-se a ativação de receptores AMPA, a modulação da transmissão serotoninérgica e noradrenérgica, a redução da expressão de NF-κB e IL-6 e a regulação da via da quinurenina. Adicionalmente, o CBD influencia a neurogênese hipocampal e apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antiapoptóticos por meio da sinalização BDNF/TRPC6. Conclusão: Em conjunto, esses achados evidenciam o potencial antidepressivo multifatorial do CBD e de seus análogos, sugerindo um possível papel como terapias adjuvantes ou alternativas nos transtornos do humor. Contudo, são necessários ensaios clínicos randomizados em humanos para confirmar a eficácia, a segurança e os parâmetros.
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