pidemiological Analysis of Hospitalizations for Uterine Leiomyoma in the Northern Region Between 2020 and 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Uterine Leiomyoma (UL), also known as fibroid, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that is estrogen- and progesterone-sensitive, commonly located in the myometrium of women of reproductive age, especially before menopause. Due to its high incidence, UL represents a significant medical and social challenge. The epidemiological analysis of this pathology is essential to understand its regional distribution and optimize resource allocation within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of hospital admissions due to Uterine Leiomyoma between 2020 and 2024 in the Northern Region of Brazil. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, and retrospective study. Data were collected using the database of the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS), allowing the inclusion of female individuals with a history of hospitalizations due to uterine leiomyomas in the Northern region. Results: A total of 47,107 hospitalizations were recorded, of which 34,473 were elective (85.96%) and 12,634 were emergency cases (14.04%). Among the states, Pará had the highest number of hospitalizations, with 25,246 cases (53.6%), followed by Amazonas with 6,517 cases (13.8%). The lowest incidence occurred in 2020, with 5,117 cases, while 2024 recorded a peak of 12,735 cases. The most affected age group was 40 to 49 years old, accounting for 27,607 hospitalizations (58.6%), with a progressive decline in older age groups. The majority of hospitalizations occurred among individuals who self-identified as mixed-race, totaling 38,151 cases (90.1%). Conclusion: The analysis revealed an increase in hospitalizations due to UL in the Northern Region of Brazil during the study period. The state of Pará had the highest concentration of cases, suggesting potential regional disparities. Women aged 40 to 49 years were the most affected, with the majority self-identifying as mixed-race, which may indicate socioeconomic disparities. Additionally, the predominance of elective hospitalizations highlights the need for the implementation of preventive strategies and early diagnosis to reduce hospital demand, prevent complications, and optimize the efficiency of the Brazilian Unified Health System.