Epidemiological Profile of Congenital Syphilis in the Northern Region Between 2019 and 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, with the main forms of transmission being acquired syphilis, congenital syphilis and latrogenic syphilis. Congenital syphilis is an infection that occurs when the pregnant woman transmits the disease to the fetus. Untreated maternal infection leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including early fetal loss, prematurity, low birth weight and congenital disease among newborns (Maciel et al., 2023). It is a curable disease, but it can be serious if left untreated. Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis cases between 2019 and 2024. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical epidemiological study developed on the SINAN platform on congenital syphilis between 2019 and 2024, in which the following variants of the disease were chosen: age group, race, region and year, it was carried out through the search for secondary data made available by the Ministry of Health. Results: During the research period, we had a total of 12,892 (100%) infected with congenital syphilis. The year of notification 2023 represents the highest rate with 2,430 (18.84%) infected, therefore in 2024, there was a reduction in cases with 1,356 (10.51%). The region with the highest number of cases is Pará, with a total of 5,727 (44.42%) infected people. The age group with the highest number of cases, between 20 and 24 years old, registered 627 (4.86%) occurrences, and the brown race stood out with 1,197 (9.28%) occurrences. Conclusion: This analysis achieved its objective, since data on the epidemiological profile of Congenital Syphilis cases between 2019 and 2024 were collected. From the study of the disease, it was possible to verify that cases have a higher rate in brown pregnant women and in the age group between 20 and 24 years old. The research highlights the importance of reporting the disease so that prevention and treatment actions are carried out in a manner appropriate to the reality of the pathology.