Reações transfusionais em recém-nascidos: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/prmj.1053Palavras-chave:
reação transfusional, recém-nascido, segurança do paciente, hemovigilância, pessoal de saúdeResumo
Objetivo: Sistematizar as evidências científicas acerca das reações transfusionais em recém-nascidos, com ênfase nos sinais clínicos e no reconhecimento assistencial. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, conduzida conforme as seis etapas propostas, com busca nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, BVS/LILACS e SciELO, no período de 2020 a 2025, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram incluídos estudos originais que abordassem reações transfusionais na população neonatal e pediátrica e/ou seu reconhecimento pela equipe de saúde. A amostra final compreendeu nove estudos, selecionados mediante triagem sistemática conforme fluxograma PRISMA. Resultados: Observou-se a predominância de reações leves, notadamente alérgicas e febris não hemolíticas. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes incluíram febre, manifestações cutâneas e alterações respiratórias, frequentemente inespecíficos no neonato. Identificaram-se fragilidades no reconhecimento assistencial, associadas a lacunas no conhecimento profissional e à ausência de padronização nos processos de monitoramento e notificação. Conclusão: As reações transfusionais em recém-nascidos apresentam manifestações clínicas pouco específicas, o que dificulta seu reconhecimento precoce. Evidencia-se a necessidade de fortalecimento da educação permanente, da implementação de protocolos baseados em evidências e do aprimoramento dos sistemas de hemovigilância, visando à melhoria da segurança transfusional no contexto neonatal.
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